12 volt used to be a standard for extra low voltage solar power systems.
24v solar charging system.
Here 24v is different from open circuit voltage voc.
Today most systems are 24v or 48v and include a 230v ac inverter.
Blueprint and parts list.
Obviously the series connection is less common for solar panel and batteries installation as the system will only increase the level of voltage from 12vdc to 24vdc which is only applicable in a 24v inverter system.
This means the wiring of the house does not have to be different from any other grid connected household and cabling cost is greatly reduced.
An important point to be noted here is that a 24v rating battery is not available in the market but you can create one by joining two 12v batteries in a series connection.
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Another option for charging your 24 volt battery bank is to use a 24 volt charger like the samlex sec 2425ul.
The 24v solar panel means that the optimum output voltage of the solar panel is 24v at stc.
Some manufacturers name the optimum voltage as vmax.
Generally a 12v solar panel should be paired with a 12v battery and a 24v solar panel should be used with a 24v battery.